• Skip to main content
  • Skip to secondary menu
  • Skip to primary sidebar
  • Skip to footer
  • IEEE.org
  • IEEE Xplore
  • IEEE Standards
  • IEEE Spectrum
  • More Sites

IEEE Potentials Magazine

The magazine for high-tech innovators

  • Home
  • Theme
    • Features
    • Columns/Departments
  • About Us
  • Contact
  • Associated Links
    • Potentials at IEEE Students
    • Potentials Media Guide

Nonlinear dynamical systems

Narrowband and wideband frequency modulation spectral characterization and bandwidth calculation

March 2, 2023 by Ahmed M. Alaa

Frequency modulation (FM) is a class of analog modulation techniques that rely on varying the instantaneous frequency of a radio-frequency (RF) carrier in accordance with the baseband signal. The amplitude of the FM signal is constant, while its instantaneous frequency is time variant; therefore, the zero crossing rate (ZCR) of the carrier differs at a rate proportional to the … [Read more...] about Narrowband and wideband frequency modulation spectral characterization and bandwidth calculation

Primary Sidebar

Current Issue

Get the entire issue now.

About the Magazine

IEEE Potentials Magazine is the publication dedicated to undergraduate and graduate students and young professionals. IEEE Potentials explores career strategies, the latest in research, and important technical developments. Through its articles, it also relates theories to practical applications, highlights technology’s global impact, and generates international forums that foster the sharing of diverse ideas about the profession.

POPULAR ARTICLE

E-waste management in the digital era: A sustainable computing approach.

In the digital era, the proliferation of electronic devices has led to a surge in electronic waste (e-waste), posing significant environmental and health challenges. This article proposes a sustainable computing approach to e-waste management. The article explores the complexities of e-waste management and recycling frameworks within the context of sustainable computing and applications. It delves into the challenges posed by the rapid advancement of technology and the resultant surge in electronic waste. Strategies to mitigate e-waste are discussed, including approaches in product design. The article emphasizes collaborative efforts to address these challenges effectively. By adopting sustainable computing practices and leveraging innovative solutions, the aim is to create a more sustainable approach to managing electronic waste and its environmental impacts.

Read More…

Search

Past Issues

Footer

IEEE Potentials Magazine is a member benefit for IEEE Student members.

The magazine is archived in IEEE Xplore, and articles from all issues are available for download.

Home | Sitemap | Contact & Support | Accessibility | Nondiscrimination Policy | IEEE Ethics Reporting | IEEE Privacy Policy | Terms

© Copyright 2025 IEEE - All rights reserved. A public charity, IEEE is the world's largest technical professional organization dedicated to advancing technology for the benefit of humanity.